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Copyright (c) 2025 Sada Jasim Abdulameer, Anfal Izaldeen Alkateeb, Layth Ammar Chyad Al-Shammari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.Genotoxic of co-codamol for human lymphocyte culture in vitro
Corresponding Author(s) : Sada Jasim Abdulameer
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 71 No. 7: Issue 7
Abstract
Co-codamol, a combination analgesic containing paracetamol and codeine phosphate, is widely used for pain relief, but its potential genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes remain largely unknown. This in vitro study investigates the genotoxic potential of co-codamol on cultured human lymphocytes by assessing cell viability, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberration frequency, and micronucleus (MN) formation. Lymphocytes were exposed to varying concentrations of co-codamol (0.02-0.12 mg/mL), and cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay. Results showed that co-codamol significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with complete cell death at 0.12 mg/mL. The mitotic index was significantly decreased at higher concentrations, and a statistically significant increase in chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation was observed in treated lymphocytes compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These findings provide important evidence that co-codamol exhibits genotoxic potential in vitro, suggesting a potential risk of DNA damage associated with its use. Further in vivo investigations are warranted to assess the clinical relevance of these genotoxic effects and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of toxicity.
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