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Copyright (c) 2025 Adil Abalkhail, Eman Marzouk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.Healthcare-associated infections: an overview of global strategies and challenges in minimizing infection transmission
Corresponding Author(s) : Eman Marzouk
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 71 No. 10: Issue 10
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major cause of mortality, significantly impacting morbidity rates. They can occur during hospital care or 3 to 30 days after discharge. In developing countries, ten patients acquire at least one HAI for every 100 hospital admissions, compared to seven in high-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines HAIs as infections that may develop 2 to 3 days after admission or discharge, often undetected at hospital presentation. Many pathogens have developed antibiotic resistance, limiting effective treatments. This review summarizes international initiatives to combat HAIs, based on a literature review using Google Scholar and PubMed. Handwashing remains a key method for preventing HAIs, relying on strict adherence to hygiene protocols by nursing professionals. Maintaining a safe medical environment reduces the transmission of harmful bacteria, especially multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Hand hygiene and antibiotic stewardship are essential for preserving antibiotic effectiveness. Vaccine development can help mitigate HAIs by targeting multidrug-resistant organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. A comprehensive understanding of prevention strategies and challenges is urgently needed.
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