Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea

Mehmet Hadi Aydın; Behcet ć°nal

doi:10.14715/cmb/2019.65.1.10

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Vol. 65 No. 1: Issue 1

Issue Published : February 4, 2019

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Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2019.65.1.10

Mehmet Hadi Aydın

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey

Behcet ć°nal

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey

Corresponding Author(s) : Mehmet Hadi Aydın

hadiaydin@siirt.edu.tr

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 65 No. 1: Issue 1
Article Published : January 31, 2019

Abstract

Fusarium wilt causing yield losses in chickpea is one of the most important diseases, and occurs due to some fungi especially F. oxysporum and F. solani. Molecular studies are important in revealing the genetic characterization and virulence of the pathogen. In this study ten Fusarium genotypes isolated from chickpea plants showing symptoms of wilting were used. The ITS region was amplified by using the thermal cycler and genetic similarities and differences among species were revealed by performing sequence analysis of ITS region. Samples except for two of Fusarium genotypes; N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N7, N9 and N10 genotypes showed a close relative to F. oxysporum. However, the N8 genotyped was found to be similar to F. solani, and interestingly the N6 genotype showed an equal relationship with F. solani and F. oxysporum so, it could not be fully identified. According to the phylogenetic tree, F. oxysporum, N2, N4 and N10 were determined in a separate group and F. oxysporum N5, N7 and N9 formed separate another group which showed a close relationship to each other. The severity of disease caused by isolates on ILC-482 chickpea variety varied between 1.25 and 3.50. The close relationship was found between F. oxysporum, N2, N4, N5, N7, N9 and N10 isolates was confirmed the result of the pathogenicity test of same isolates. The results revealed that N7 isolate prevented the emergence of plants by causing disease on chickpea seeds and it also indicated the high virulence.

Keywords

Chickpea Fusarium oxysporum Phylogenetic tree Genetic characterization Virulence.

Aydın, M. H., & ć°nal, B. (2019). Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 65(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2019.65.1.10

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References

Abou-Zeid, N.M., Hallila, H. 2003. Current status of chickpea diseases in Egypt. In: International Chickpea Conference, Chickpea Research for Millennium Raipur, Chhattisgarh, January, pp. 156- 166, India.
Akçin, A., 1988. Edible Legumes. Publications of S.U. Agric Fac. No: 8. Konya, Turkey. In Turkish.
Al-taae, A.K. Hadwan, H.A. Al-jobory, S.A.E. 2013. Physiological Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris in Iraq. J. Life Sci., 7, 1070–1075.
Anonymous.,1996. Fusarium interactive key. http://caab.ctu.edu.vn/gtrinh/fuskey.pdf
Anonymous. 2018. Chickpea production statistics. www. tüik.gov.tr
Bayraktar, H., F. S. Dolar. 2009. Genetic Diversity of Wilt and Root Rot Pathogens of Chickpea, as Assessed by RAPD and ISSR. Turk J Agric Forestry. 33, 1-10
Bayraktar, H.; Dolar, F.S. 2012. Pathogenic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolates from chickpea in Turkey. Pakistan J. Bot., 44, 821–823.
Booth, C.1971. Fusarium a laboratory guide to the identification of the major species. C.M.I. Kew surrey, pp.58. England.
Bruns, T.D., Vilgays, T.J. and Taylor, J.W. 1991. Fungal molecular systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22, 525-564
Bruns, T.D., Gardes, M., 1993. Molecular tools for the identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi-taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes for suilloid fungi. Molecular Ecology 2, 233-242.
Doyle, J.J. and J.L. Doyle, 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, v.19, p.11-15,
Edel, V. 1998. Polymerase Chain Reaction in Mycology: an Overview, 1-20, Bridge PD (ed), CAB1 Publishing, Wallingford, 357 pages.
Gardes, M. and Bruns, T.D. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.
Haware, M.P.; Nene, Y.L. 1980. Influence of wilt and different growth stages on yield loss in chickpea. Trop. Grain Legum. Bull. 19, 38–40.
Haware MP., Y.L. Nene and M. Natarajan., 1996. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in soil absence of chickpea. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35: 9-12.
Jendoubi, W., Bouhadida, M., Boukteb, A., Béji, M. Kharrat, M. 2017. Fusarium wilt affecting chickpea crop. Agriculture 7, 23.
Jiménez-Gasco, M.M.; Navas-Cortés, J.A.; Jiménez-Díaz, R.M. 2004, The Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris/Cicer arietinum pathosystem: A case study of the evolution of plant-pathogenic fungi into races and pathotypes. Int. Microbiol. 7, 95–104.
Jiménez-Díaz, R.M.; Castillo, P.; del Mar Jiménez-Gasco, M.; Landa, B.B.; Navas-Cortés, J.A. 2015. Fusarium wilt of chickpeas: Biology, ecology and management. Crop Prot. 73, 16–27.
Kaiser, W.J., A.R. Alcala-Jimenez., A. Hervas-Vargas., J.L. Trapero-Casas and R.M. Jimenez-Diaz., 1994. Screening of wild Cicer species for resistance to race 0 and 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Plant Dis. 78: 962-967.
Lee, S.B. and Taylor, J.W. 1992. Phylogeny of five funguslike protoctistan Phytophthora species, inferred from the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Biology and evolution 9,636-653.
Mirete, S., Patiño, B., Jurado, M., Vázquez, C., González-Jaén, M.T., Puertas, M. 2013. Structural variation and dynamics of the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region in key members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Genome. 56: 205–213.
Nene, Y.L., V.K. Sheila and S.B. Sharma., 1984. A world list of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) pathogens. ICRISAT Pulse Pathology Progress Report 32. pp.19.
Nene, Y.L. and M.V. Reddy., 1987. Chickpea diseases and their control. In: Saxena, M.C. and Singh K.B. (eds.), The Chickpea, C.A.B. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. pp. 233-270.
Navas-Cortés, J.A. Hau, B. Jiménez-Díaz, R.M. 2000. Yield loss in chickpeas in relation to development of Fusarium wilt epidemics. Phytopathology, 90, 1269–1278.
O'Donnell, K., Sutton, D.A., Fothergill, A., McCarthy, D., Rinaldi, M.G., Brandt, M.E., Zhang, N., Geiser, D.M. 2008. Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex. J Clin Microbiol. 46: 2477–2490.
Oechsler, R.A., Feilmeier, M.R., Ledee, D.R., Miller, D., Diaz, M.R., Fini, M.E., Fell, J.W., Alfonso, E.C. (2009): Utility of molecular sequence analysis of the ITS rRNA region for identification of Fusarium spp. from ocular sources. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 50, 2230–2236.
Sharma, K.D.; Muehlbauer, F.J. 2007. Fusarium wilt of chickpea: Physiological specialization, genetics of resistance and resistance gene tagging. Euphytica, 157, 1–14.
Trapero-Casas, A. and R.M. Jimenez-Diaz.,1985. Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in Southern Spain. Phytopathol. 75: 1146-1151.
Wang, H., Xiao, M., Kong, F., Chen, S., Dou, H.T., Sorrell, T., Li, R.Y., Xu, Y.C. (2011): Accurate and practical identification of 20 Fusarium species by seven-locus sequence analysis and reverse 72 line blot hybridization, and an in vitro antifungal susceptibility study. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49, 1890–1898.
White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S., Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA for phylogentics. In: Innis MA, Gelfland DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, pp. 315-22.

References

Abou-Zeid, N.M., Hallila, H. 2003. Current status of chickpea diseases in Egypt. In: International Chickpea Conference, Chickpea Research for Millennium Raipur, Chhattisgarh, January, pp. 156- 166, India.

Akçin, A., 1988. Edible Legumes. Publications of S.U. Agric Fac. No: 8. Konya, Turkey. In Turkish.

Al-taae, A.K. Hadwan, H.A. Al-jobory, S.A.E. 2013. Physiological Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris in Iraq. J. Life Sci., 7, 1070–1075.

Anonymous.,1996. Fusarium interactive key. http://caab.ctu.edu.vn/gtrinh/fuskey.pdf

Anonymous. 2018. Chickpea production statistics. www. tüik.gov.tr

Bayraktar, H., F. S. Dolar. 2009. Genetic Diversity of Wilt and Root Rot Pathogens of Chickpea, as Assessed by RAPD and ISSR. Turk J Agric Forestry. 33, 1-10

Bayraktar, H.; Dolar, F.S. 2012. Pathogenic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolates from chickpea in Turkey. Pakistan J. Bot., 44, 821–823.

Booth, C.1971. Fusarium a laboratory guide to the identification of the major species. C.M.I. Kew surrey, pp.58. England.

Bruns, T.D., Vilgays, T.J. and Taylor, J.W. 1991. Fungal molecular systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22, 525-564

Bruns, T.D., Gardes, M., 1993. Molecular tools for the identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi-taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes for suilloid fungi. Molecular Ecology 2, 233-242.

Doyle, J.J. and J.L. Doyle, 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, v.19, p.11-15,

Edel, V. 1998. Polymerase Chain Reaction in Mycology: an Overview, 1-20, Bridge PD (ed), CAB1 Publishing, Wallingford, 357 pages.

Gardes, M. and Bruns, T.D. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.

Haware, M.P.; Nene, Y.L. 1980. Influence of wilt and different growth stages on yield loss in chickpea. Trop. Grain Legum. Bull. 19, 38–40.

Haware MP., Y.L. Nene and M. Natarajan., 1996. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in soil absence of chickpea. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35: 9-12.

Jendoubi, W., Bouhadida, M., Boukteb, A., Béji, M. Kharrat, M. 2017. Fusarium wilt affecting chickpea crop. Agriculture 7, 23.

Jiménez-Gasco, M.M.; Navas-Cortés, J.A.; Jiménez-Díaz, R.M. 2004, The Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris/Cicer arietinum pathosystem: A case study of the evolution of plant-pathogenic fungi into races and pathotypes. Int. Microbiol. 7, 95–104.

Jiménez-Díaz, R.M.; Castillo, P.; del Mar Jiménez-Gasco, M.; Landa, B.B.; Navas-Cortés, J.A. 2015. Fusarium wilt of chickpeas: Biology, ecology and management. Crop Prot. 73, 16–27.

Kaiser, W.J., A.R. Alcala-Jimenez., A. Hervas-Vargas., J.L. Trapero-Casas and R.M. Jimenez-Diaz., 1994. Screening of wild Cicer species for resistance to race 0 and 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Plant Dis. 78: 962-967.

Lee, S.B. and Taylor, J.W. 1992. Phylogeny of five funguslike protoctistan Phytophthora species, inferred from the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Biology and evolution 9,636-653.

Mirete, S., Patiño, B., Jurado, M., Vázquez, C., González-Jaén, M.T., Puertas, M. 2013. Structural variation and dynamics of the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region in key members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Genome. 56: 205–213.

Nene, Y.L., V.K. Sheila and S.B. Sharma., 1984. A world list of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) pathogens. ICRISAT Pulse Pathology Progress Report 32. pp.19.

Nene, Y.L. and M.V. Reddy., 1987. Chickpea diseases and their control. In: Saxena, M.C. and Singh K.B. (eds.), The Chickpea, C.A.B. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. pp. 233-270.

Navas-Cortés, J.A. Hau, B. Jiménez-Díaz, R.M. 2000. Yield loss in chickpeas in relation to development of Fusarium wilt epidemics. Phytopathology, 90, 1269–1278.

O'Donnell, K., Sutton, D.A., Fothergill, A., McCarthy, D., Rinaldi, M.G., Brandt, M.E., Zhang, N., Geiser, D.M. 2008. Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex. J Clin Microbiol. 46: 2477–2490.

Oechsler, R.A., Feilmeier, M.R., Ledee, D.R., Miller, D., Diaz, M.R., Fini, M.E., Fell, J.W., Alfonso, E.C. (2009): Utility of molecular sequence analysis of the ITS rRNA region for identification of Fusarium spp. from ocular sources. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 50, 2230–2236.

Sharma, K.D.; Muehlbauer, F.J. 2007. Fusarium wilt of chickpea: Physiological specialization, genetics of resistance and resistance gene tagging. Euphytica, 157, 1–14.

Trapero-Casas, A. and R.M. Jimenez-Diaz.,1985. Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in Southern Spain. Phytopathol. 75: 1146-1151.

Wang, H., Xiao, M., Kong, F., Chen, S., Dou, H.T., Sorrell, T., Li, R.Y., Xu, Y.C. (2011): Accurate and practical identification of 20 Fusarium species by seven-locus sequence analysis and reverse 72 line blot hybridization, and an in vitro antifungal susceptibility study. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49, 1890–1898.

White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S., Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA for phylogentics. In: Innis MA, Gelfland DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, pp. 315-22.

Author biographies is not available.