Issue

Vol. 66 No. 3: Issue 3

The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.

Genetic biomarkers: Potential roles in cancer diagnosis

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.3.1
Rozhgar A Khailany
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Iraq
Sherwan Ahmed Aziz
Department of Surgery, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
Suhel Mawlood Najjar
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
Muhammad Safdar
Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Mehmet Ozaslan
Department of Biology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey

Corresponding Author(s) : Rozhgar A Khailany

rozhgar.mohammed@su.edu.krd

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 66 No. 3: Issue 3

Abstract

Biomarkers are indicators of pathogenic processes, typical biological processes, or pharmacological reactions to a therapy. It has several potential usages in cancer; differential diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, therapeutic response, and monitoring of disease progression. Recently, advances in oncomarkers raised significant opportunities for enhancing management of cancer. Chromosomal aberration, molecular impairment and epigenetic alteration might be applied to diagnose and prognose cancer and its epidemiology. Some oncomarkers are specific and highly sensitive for detection. An oncomarker might be used to see how the body reacts to an intervention or a situation. The present study represents a short review about various genetic oncomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic values.

Keywords

Biomarker Cancer Diagnosis Cytogenetic Molecular genetics Epigenetic
Khailany, R. A., Aziz, S. A., Najjar, S. M., Safdar, M., & Ozaslan, M. (2020). Genetic biomarkers: Potential roles in cancer diagnosis. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.3.1
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Mishra A, Verma M. Cancer biomarkers: are we ready for the prime time? Cancers 2010; 2: 190.
  2. Bhatt AN, Mathur R, Farooque A, Verma A, Dwarakanath BS. Cancer biomarkers-current perspectives. Indian J Med Res 2010; 132: 129.
  3. Karley D, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Biomarkers: The future of medical science to detect cancer. J Mol Biomark Diagn. 2011; 2: 1.
  4. Sethi S, Ali S, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Clinical advances in molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Int J Mol 2013; 14: 14771.
  5. Flepisi BT, Bouic P, Sissolak G, Rosenkranz B. Biomarkers of HIV-associated Cancer. Biomark Cancer 2014; 6: 11
  6. Chatterjee SK, Zetter BR. Cancer biomarkers: knowing the present and predicting the future.Futur Oncol 2005; 1: 37.
  7. Negm RS, Verma M, Srivastava S. The promise of biomarkers in cancer screening and detection. Trends Mol Med 2002; 8: 288.
  8. Verma M, Manne U. Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and identifying high risk populations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 60: 9.
  9. Miaskowski C, AouizeratBE. Biomarkers: symptoms, survivorship, and quality of life. Semin Oncol Nurs 2012; 2: 129.
  10. Coppedè F, Lopomo A, Spisni R, Migliore L. Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 943.
  11. Bayani JM, Squire JA. Applications of SKY in cancer cytogenetics. Cancer Invest 2002; 20: 373.
  12. Dwarakanath BS, Manogaran PS, Das S, Das BS, Jain V. Heterogeneity in DNA content & proliferative status of human brain tumours. Indian J Med Res 1994; 100: 127.
  13. Mahdieh N, RabbaniB .An overview of mutation detection methods in genetic disorders. Iran J Pediatr 2013; 23: 375.
  14. Marzocchi G, Castagnetti F, Luatti S, Baldazzi C, Stacchini M, Gugliotta G, Amabile M, Specchia G, Sessarego M, Giussani U, Valori L. Variant Philadelphia translocations: molecular-cytogenetic characterization and prognostic influence on frontline imatinib therapy, a GIMEMA Working Party on CML analysis. Blood 2011; 117: 6793.
  15. Reikvam H, Hatfield KJ, Kittang AO, Hovland R, Bruserud í˜. Acute myeloid leukemia with the t (8; 21) translocation: clinical consequences and biological implications. Biomed Res Int 2011; 3: 2011.
  16. Medeiros BC. Interpretation of clinical endpoints in trials of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia Res 2018; 68: 32.
  17. Li JY, Gaillard F, Moreau A, Harousseau JL, Laboisse C, Milpied N, Bataille R, Avet-Loiseau H. Detection of translocation t (11; 14)(q13; q32) in mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 154: 1449.
  18. Tsuzuki S, Karnan S, Horibe K, Matsumoto K, Kato K, Inukai T, Goi K, Sugita K, Nakazawa S, Kasugai Y, Ueda R. Genetic abnormalities involved in t (12; 21) TEL–AML1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Analysis by means of array"based comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 698.
  19. Liu D, Shimonov J, Primanneni S, Lai Y, Ahmed T, Seiter K. t (8; 14; 18): a 3-way chromosome translocation in two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia. Mol Cancer 2007; 6: 35.
  20. Reilly JT. Pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia and inv (16)(p13; q22): a paradigm for understanding leukaemogenesis?. Br J Haematol 2005; 128: 18.
  21. Cai FF, Kohler C, Zhang B, Chen WJ, Barekati Z, Garritsen HS, Lenner P, Toniolo P, Zhang JJ, Zhong XY. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA as potential biomarkers in breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2011; 31: 4267.
  22. Gordon DJ, Resio B, Pellman D. Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13: 189.
  23. Heerema NA, Nachman JB, Sather HN, La MK, Hutchinson R, Lange BJ, Bostrom B, Steinherz PG, Gaynon PS, Uckun FM. Deletion of 7p or monosomy 7 in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an adverse prognostic factor: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Leukemia. 2004; 18: 939.
  24. Brunelli M, Nottegar A, Bogina G, Caliò A, Cima L, Eccher A, Vicentini C, Marcolini L, Scarpa A, Pedron S, Brunello E. Monosomy of chromosome 17 in breast cancer during interpretation of HER2 gene amplification. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5: 2212.
  25. Hassanpour SH, Dehghani M. Review of cancer from perspective of molecular. J Cancer Res Pract 2017; 4: 127.
  26. Dawson MA, Kouzarides T. Cancer epigenetics: from mechanism to therapy. Cell 2012; 150: 12.
  27. Lingyan J, Xiuquan L, Jingxue S, Hong S, Qing, Saeed S & Ying H. PDRG1, a novel tumor marker for multiple malignancies that is selectively regulated by genotoxic stress. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11: 567.
  28. Rawat A, Ganesh N. Novel tumor markers of breast cancer, 19th Congress of the European Society for Sexual Medicine, Nice, France. 2017.
  29. Yan J, Wu G, Chen J, Xiong L, Chen G, LiP.miR-217 expression predicts a poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22: 73.
  30. Sayagues J. M., Roa S., Gutierrez N. C., and Renault I. Z. Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics in Cancer. Genet Res Int 2011; 2011; 1.
  31. Blackadar CB. Historical review of the causes of cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 10: 54.
  32. Tan DJ, Bai RK, Wong LJ. Comprehensive scanning of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in breast cancer. Cancer research. 2002;62(4):972-6.
  33. Henry NL, Hayes DF. Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2012; 6: 140.
  34. Khailany RA, Igci M, Bayraktar E, Erturhan S, Karakok M, Arslan A. VHL, PBRM1 and SETD2 genes in kidney cancer: a molecular investigation. Int J Med Health Biomed Pharm Engin 2015; 9: 389.
  35. Junker K, Ficarra V, Kwon ED, Leibovich BC, Thompson RH, Oosterwijk E. Potential role of genetic markers in the management of kidney cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 333.
  36. Fryer RM, Randall J, Yoshida T, Hsiao LL, Blumenstock J, Jensen KE, Dimofte T, Jensen RV, Gullans SR. Global analysis of gene expression: methods, interpretation, and pitfalls. Nephron Exp Nephrol 2002; 10: 64.
  37. Chai JC, Park S, Seo H, Cho SY, Lee YS. Identification of cancer-specific biomarkers by using microarray gene expression profiling. Bio Chip J 2013; 7: 57.
  38. Perry AS, O'Hurley G, Raheem OA, Brennan K, Wong S, O'Grady A, Kennedy AM, Marignol L, Murphy TM, Sullivan L, Barrett C. Gene expression and epigenetic discovery screen reveal methylation of SFRP2 in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 132: 1771.
  39. Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. The role of prostate"specific antigen in the clinical evaluation of prostatic disease. BJU Int 2004; 93: 10.
  40. Ravichandran V, Vasquez GB, Srivastava S, Verma M, Petricoin E, Lubell J, Sriram RD, Barker PE, Gilliland GL. Data standards for proteomics: mitochondrial two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data as a model system. Mitochon 2004; 3: 327.
  41. Verma M, Kagan J, Sidransky D, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of cancer-cell mitochondria. Nat Rev cancer 2003; 3: 789.
  42. Hardy TM, Tollefsbol TO. Epigenetic diet: impact on the epigenome and cancer. Epigenomics 2011; 3: 503.
  43. Junker K, Ficarra V, Kwon ED, Leibovich BC, Thompson RH, Oosterwijk E. Potential role of genetic markers in the management of kidney cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 333.
  44. Khailany RA, Safdar M, Ozaslan M. Molecular Investigation of KRAS Gene in Breast Cancer Patients. J Biol Sci 2019; 19: 323.
  45. Cedar H, Bergman Y. Linking DNA methylation and histone modification: patterns and paradigms. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10: 295.
  46. De Carvalho DD, Sharma S, You JS, Su SF, Taberlay PC, Kelly TK, Yang X, Liang G, Jones PA. DNA methylation screening identifies driver epigenetic events of cancer cell survival. Cancer cell 2012; 21: 655.
  47. Laird PW, Jaenisch R. DNA Methylation and Cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 3: 1487.
  48. Virani S, Colacino JA, Kim JH, Rozek LS. Cancer epigenetics: a brief review. ILAR J 2012; 53: 359.
  49. Li BY, Robertson KD. DNA methylation: superior or subordinate in the epigenetic hierarchy? Genes Cancer. 2011; 2: 607.
  50. Ehrlich M. DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells. Epigenomics 2009; 1: 239.
  51. Pulukuri SM, Estes N, Patel J, Rao JS. Demethylation-linked activation of urokinase plasminogen activator is involved in progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Rev 2007; 67: 930.
  52. Zhao Y, Srivastava D. A developmental view of microRNA function. Trends Biochem Sci 2007; 32: 189.
  53. Yang W, Lee DY, Ben-David Y. The roles of microRNAs in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2011; 3: 140.
  54. Sundarbose K, Kartha RV, Subramanian S. MicroRNAs as biomarkers in cancer. Diagnostics 2013; 3: 84.
  55. George GP, Mittal RD. MicroRNAs: Potential biomarkers in cancer. I J Clin Biochem 2010; 25: 4.
  56. Corsini LR, Bronte G, Terrasi M, Amodeo V, Fanale D, Fiorentino E, Cicero G, Bazan V, Russo A. The role of microRNAs in cancer: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targets of therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16: S103.
  57. Yarmishyn AA, Kurochkin IV. Long noncoding RNAs: a potential novel class of cancer biomarkers. Front Genet 2015; 6: 145.
  58. Chervona Y, Costa M. Histone modifications and cancer: biomarkers of prognosis? Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2: 589.
  59. Cohen I, Porć™ba E, Kamieniarz K, Schneider R. Histone modifiers in cancer: friends or foes? Genes & cancer 2011; 2: 631.
  60. Herranz M, Esteller M. DNA methylation and histone modifications in patients with cancer. InTarget Discovery and Validation. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 361: 25.
  61. Mehta S, Shelling A, Muthukaruppan A, Lasham A, Blenkiron C, Laking G, Print C. Predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer medicine. Adv Med Oncol 2010; 2: 125.
  62. Alymani NA, Smith MD, Williams DJ, Petty RD. Predictive biomarkers for personalised anti-cancer drug use: discovery to clinical implementation. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46: 869.
  63. Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Tu D, Tebbutt NC, Simes RJ, Chalchal H, Shapiro JD, Robitaille S, Price TJ. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1757.
  64. Agarwal M, He C, Siddiqui J, Wei JT, Macoska JA. CCL11 (eotaxin"1): A new diagnostic serum marker for prostate cancer. The Prostate 2013; 73: 573.
  65. Chang HJ, Yang MJ, Yang YH, Hou MF, Hsueh EJ, Lin SR. MMP13 is potentially a new tumor marker for breast cancer diagnosis. Oncol Rep 2009; 22: 1119.
  66. Pellino G, Gallo G, Pallante P, et al. Noninvasive biomarkers of colorectal cancer: role in diagnosis and personalised treatment perspectives. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2018; 2018: 2397863.
  67. Zhao B, Wang L, Qiu H, et al. Mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 3980.
  68. B. K. B. Hirata, J. M. Oda, G. R. Losi, C. B. Ariza, C. E. de
  69. Oliveira, and M. A. Watanabe. Molecular markers for breast
  70. cancer: prediction on tumor behavior. Disease Markers 2014; 5: 23.
  71. Stickeler E: Prognostic and predictive markers for treatment decisions in early breast cancer. Breast Care 2011; 6: 193.
  72. Wu JT. Diagnosis and management of cancer using serological tumor markers. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, editors. Henry"²s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007.
  73. Sokoll LJ, Chan DW. Clinical chemistry: Tumor markers. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, editors. In Abeloff: Clinical Oncology. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: Elsevier Churchill Livingston. 2004.
  74. Schrohl AS, Anderson MH, Sweep F, Schmitt M, Harbeck N, Foekens J, et al. Tumor markers: From laboratory to clinical utility. Mol Cell Proteomics 2003; 2: 378.
  75. Lindblom A, Liljegren A. Tumor markers in malignancies. Br Med J 2000; 320: 424.
  76. Cooper DL. Tumor markers. In: goldman, et al., editors. In: Cecil textbook of medicine. 22nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2004.
  77. Waxman J. Tumor markers. Quart J Med 1995; 88: 233.
  78. Roy S, Dasgupta A, Kar K. Comparison of urinary and serum CA 19-9 as markers of early stage urothelial carcinoma. IntBraz J Urol 2013; 39: 631.
  79. Wang Y, Klijn JG, Zhang Y, Sieuwerts AM, Look MP, Yang F, Talantov D, Timmermans M, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Yu J, Jatkoe T. Gene-expression profiles to predict distant metastasis of lymph-node-negative primary breast cancer. The Lancet 2005; 365: 671.
  80. Seligson DB, Horvath S, Shi T, Yu H, Tze S, Grunstein M, Kurdistani SK. Global histone modification patterns predict risk of prostate cancer recurrence. Nature 2005; 435: 1262.
  81. Madu CO, Lu Y. Novel diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Journal of Cancer. 2010; 1:150.
  82. Kazemi E, Kahrizi D. The repeatability of PCR-RFLP method for study of association between gastric cancer and manganese superoxide dismutase mutant (Val-9Ala). Biharean Biol 2017; 11(2), 112-114.
  83. Kazemi E, Kahrizi D. Lack of association between gastric cancer and hopq alleles in Helicobacter pylori. Genetika 2016; 48(3): 893-902
  84. Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Yari K. Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori: Impact of hopQII Gene. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(2): 107-110.
  85. Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Amini A, Mousavi SAR, Yari K. Association between Helicobacter pylori hopQI genotyping and human gastric cancer. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(1): 6-9.
  86. Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sorabi, M, Amini S, Mousavi S.A.R., Yari K. Association between Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD Val-9Ala) genotypes with the risk of generalized aggressive periodontitis disease. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 61 (8): 49-52.
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 1161 Download : 536