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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Yousif Abdullah, Farah Abdulkhaleq Khattab Alhaddad, Chateen Izaddin Ali Pambuk, Sonia Marghali
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The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.Association of interleukin polymorphisms and inflammatory markers with hospitalization, survival, and COVID-19 severity in type 1 diabetes patients: A multivariate and Cox regression analysis
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohammed Yousif Abdullah
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 71 No. 1: Issue 1
Abstract
This study investigates the association between interleukin polymorphisms (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-18), inflammatory markers, and COVID-19 severity in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. A prospective observational study enrolled 80 female T1D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and a control group of 30 females without COVID-19. Significantly higher cytokine levels were observed in COVID-19 patients (IL-6: 64.1 ± 30.1 pg/mL, IL-10: 11.7 ± 5.8 pg/mL, IL-12A: 6.7 ± 2.9 pg/mL, IL-18: 195.4 ± 60.7 pg/mL) compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Genotype analysis revealed that the IL-6 GG and IL-18 TG genotypes were associated with elevated cytokine levels, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality risk (hazard ratios [HR]: IL-6 GG: 1.25, IL-18 TG: 1.30). ROC analysis indicated IL-18 (AUC: 0.88) and IL-6 (AUC: 0.84) as strong predictors of hospitalization. Cox regression showed that IL-6 and IL-18 levels significantly affected hospitalization duration and survival, while IL-12A displayed a protective effect (HR: 0.92). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed shorter survival for the IL-6 GG and IL-18 TG genotypes, supporting the prognostic role of cytokine levels and genotypes in COVID-19 management. This study highlights the potential of interleukin polymorphisms as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in T1D patients.
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