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Copyright (c) 2025 hala mohammed, Sahar Jabbar Kadhum, Haider Mohammed Majeed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.Association of cytomegalovirus and high-risk human papillomavirus with breast cancer progression
Corresponding Author(s) : Hala Mohammed Majeed
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 71 No. 5: Issue 5
Abstract
In Iraq, breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women, prompting increased research in the last decade. This retrospective study aimed to determine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in breast tumors. The study included 140 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue samples from 100 patients with breast tumors and 20 normal breast tissue samples as controls. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 72 years. In situ hybridization was performed on samples collected from hospitals and private laboratories in Kirkuk and Tikrit between January 15 and December 15, 2022. CMV was detected in 25% (25/100) of breast cancer tissues, while HPV was found in 45% (45/100), compared to the control group, which tested negative for both viruses. Among HPV-positive cases, HPV genotype 31 was the most prevalent (58.33%), followed by HPV16 and HPV18 (20.8% each). These findings suggest that HPV, particularly genotype 31, and CMV may play a role in breast cancer development in the Iraqi population.
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