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Copyright (c) 2025 Gholamreza Zourmand, Morteza Taheri, Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Khadijeh Irandoust
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.The role of genetic and hormonal factors in shaping exercise responses and performance in children: a comprehensive review
Corresponding Author(s) : Khadijeh Irandoust
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 71 No. 5: Issue 5
Abstract
This review aims to explore the role of genetic and hormonal factors in shaping exercise responses and performance in children, providing insights into their implications for training and talent identification. A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review focused on genetic predispositions, key hormones regulating exercise performance, and their combined influence on physical development in children. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals and analyzed using a descriptive approach to identify patterns and practical applications in pediatric exercise science. The review highlights that genetic factors play a foundational role in determining physical attributes such as muscle composition, aerobic capacity, and metabolic efficiency. Key genes, including ACTN3 and ACE, have been linked to variations in strength, endurance, and recovery potential. Hormonal factors, particularly growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, testosterone, and cortisol, dynamically influence exercise adaptation, with significant changes occurring during developmental stages. The interaction between genetic and hormonal influences suggests that personalized training approaches can optimize performance while considering developmental stages and environmental factors. Ethical considerations surrounding genetic testing for talent identification remain a critical concern, emphasizing the need for responsible and evidence-based application in pediatric sports programs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationship between genetic and hormonal factors for designing individualized exercise programs that enhance athletic potential while ensuring long-term health and well-being. Future research should focus on integrating genetic and hormonal insights with environmental and behavioral factors to develop holistic training strategies for children.
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