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Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and sedative-hypnotic activities of lucidone D extracted from Ganoderma lucidum
Corresponding Author(s) : Yan Wang
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 65 No. 4: Issue 4
Abstract
Inflammation and insomnia are two types of symptoms very likely occur in life, seriously perplexing people's work and life. How to alleviate these symptoms is an urgent medical problem. Lucidone D (LUC) is a terpene from the ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body. Triterpenoids are also the main pharmacological components of Ganoderma lucidum. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammatory response model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of LUC. The results showed that LUC could significantly inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators NO, which may play a role by down-regulating the expression level of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Meanwhile, the production of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that LUC has obvious anti-inflammatory activity. Writhing and sedation tests in ICR male mice showed that LUC showed significant analgesic and sedative effects. In conclusion, these results suggest the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects of LUC in vitro and in vivo.
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- Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Gratadoux JJ, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105: 16731-16736.
- Simon LS, Weaver AL, Graham DY, Kivitz AJ, Lipsky PE, Hubbard RC, et al. Anti-inflammatory and upper gastrointestinal effects of celecoxib in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1921; 282: 1921-1928.
- Kuehl GE, Lampe JW, Potter JD, Bigler JJDM, Chemicals D. Glucuronidation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 33: 1027.
- Wu Q, Liu L, Miron A, Klímová B, Wan D, Kuća KJ. The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1817-1840.
- Dey A, Xu K, Qiu J, Du Y, Jiang JJ. Anti-inflammatory small molecules to treat seizures and epilepsy: from bench to bedside. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37: 463-484.
- Cairat M, Fournier A, Murphy N, Biessy C, Scalbert A, Rinaldi S, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2018; 4: 29.
- Tan JY, Chen XQ, Kang BJ, ZX Qin, Chen JH, Hu RD, et al. Myricetin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effect. Asian Pacific J Tropical Med 2018; 3: 9.
- Agostini JV, Concato J, Inouye SK. Improving sedative-hypnotic prescribing in older hospitalized patients: provider-perceived benefits and barriers of a computer-based reminder. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 32-36.
- Moore GD, Walker AM, Maclaren RJ. Fospropofol: a new sedative-hypnotic agent for monitored anesthesia care. 2009; 43(11):1802-1808.
- Kaufmann CN, Spira AP, Alexander GC, Rutkow L, Mojtabai R. Trends in prescribing of sedative-hypnotic medications in the USA: 1993-2010. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25: 637-645.
- Cheng VY, Martin LJ, Elliott EM, Kim JH, Mount HT, Taverna FA, et al. Alpha5GABAA receptors mediate the amnestic but not sedative-hypnotic effects of the general anesthetic etomidate. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 3713-3720.
- Weitzel KW, Wickman JM, Augustin SG, Strom JG. Zaleplon: a pyrazolopyrimidine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of insomnia. Clin Ther 2000; 22: 1254-1267.
- Najib J. Eszopiclone, a Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agent for the Treatment of Transient and Chronic Insomnia. Clin Ther 2006; 28: 491-516.
- Hui ZR. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press; 2000.
- Iwatsuki K, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Oshikubo M, Kimura Y, et al. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. J Nat Prod 2003; 66: 1582.
- Wu GS, Guo JJ, Bao JL, Li XW, Chen XP, Lu JJ, et al. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum - a review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22: 981-992.
- Hai-Bang T, Shimizu KJPL. Structure–activity relationship and inhibition pattern of reishi-derived (Ganoderma lingzhi) triterpenoids against angiotensin-converting enzyme. Phytochem Lett 2015; 12: 243-247.
- Jiao Y, Xie T, Zou LH, Wei Q, Qiu L, Chen LX. Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma curtisii and their NO production inhibitory activities of LPS-induced microglia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26: 3556-3561.
- Fotakis G, Timbrell JA. In vitro cytotoxicity assays: Comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett 2006; 160: 171-177.
- Chen MJ, Liang T, Zhou KY. [Effect of proanthocyanidins on COX-2 enzyme activity and COX-2 mRNA /protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2005; 40: 406.
- Collier HO, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C. The abdominal constriction response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 2012; 32: 295-310.
- Cicco PD, Panza E, Ercolano G, Armogida C, Sessa G, Pirozzi G, et al. ATB-346, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drug, induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells and inhibits melanoma development in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114: 67-73.
- Prasad AS, Beck FW, Grabowski SM, Kaplan J, Mathog RH. Zinc deficiency: changes in cytokine production and T-cell subpopulations in patients with head and neck cancer and in noncancer subjects. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1997; 109: 68-77.
- Serhan CN, Savill J. Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 1191.
- Bredt DS. Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: Biological functions and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 577-596.
- Aoki T, Narumiya SJA, Supplements A. Prostaglandins and chronic inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33: 304-311.
- Akira M, Hajime O. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer 2010; 121: 2357-2363.
- Ribeiro R, Vale M, Sm, Paschoalato A, Poole S, Ferreira S, Cunha F. Involvement of resident macrophages and mast cells in the writhing nociceptive response induced by zymosan and acetic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 387: 111-118.
- Evans JI, Lewis SA, Gibb IAM, Cheetham M. Sleep and Barbiturates: Some Experiments and Observations. Br Med J 1968; 4: 291-293.
References
Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Gratadoux JJ, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105: 16731-16736.
Simon LS, Weaver AL, Graham DY, Kivitz AJ, Lipsky PE, Hubbard RC, et al. Anti-inflammatory and upper gastrointestinal effects of celecoxib in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1921; 282: 1921-1928.
Kuehl GE, Lampe JW, Potter JD, Bigler JJDM, Chemicals D. Glucuronidation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 33: 1027.
Wu Q, Liu L, Miron A, Klímová B, Wan D, Kuća KJ. The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 1817-1840.
Dey A, Xu K, Qiu J, Du Y, Jiang JJ. Anti-inflammatory small molecules to treat seizures and epilepsy: from bench to bedside. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37: 463-484.
Cairat M, Fournier A, Murphy N, Biessy C, Scalbert A, Rinaldi S, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2018; 4: 29.
Tan JY, Chen XQ, Kang BJ, ZX Qin, Chen JH, Hu RD, et al. Myricetin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effect. Asian Pacific J Tropical Med 2018; 3: 9.
Agostini JV, Concato J, Inouye SK. Improving sedative-hypnotic prescribing in older hospitalized patients: provider-perceived benefits and barriers of a computer-based reminder. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 32-36.
Moore GD, Walker AM, Maclaren RJ. Fospropofol: a new sedative-hypnotic agent for monitored anesthesia care. 2009; 43(11):1802-1808.
Kaufmann CN, Spira AP, Alexander GC, Rutkow L, Mojtabai R. Trends in prescribing of sedative-hypnotic medications in the USA: 1993-2010. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25: 637-645.
Cheng VY, Martin LJ, Elliott EM, Kim JH, Mount HT, Taverna FA, et al. Alpha5GABAA receptors mediate the amnestic but not sedative-hypnotic effects of the general anesthetic etomidate. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 3713-3720.
Weitzel KW, Wickman JM, Augustin SG, Strom JG. Zaleplon: a pyrazolopyrimidine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of insomnia. Clin Ther 2000; 22: 1254-1267.
Najib J. Eszopiclone, a Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agent for the Treatment of Transient and Chronic Insomnia. Clin Ther 2006; 28: 491-516.
Hui ZR. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press; 2000.
Iwatsuki K, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Oshikubo M, Kimura Y, et al. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. J Nat Prod 2003; 66: 1582.
Wu GS, Guo JJ, Bao JL, Li XW, Chen XP, Lu JJ, et al. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum - a review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22: 981-992.
Hai-Bang T, Shimizu KJPL. Structure–activity relationship and inhibition pattern of reishi-derived (Ganoderma lingzhi) triterpenoids against angiotensin-converting enzyme. Phytochem Lett 2015; 12: 243-247.
Jiao Y, Xie T, Zou LH, Wei Q, Qiu L, Chen LX. Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma curtisii and their NO production inhibitory activities of LPS-induced microglia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26: 3556-3561.
Fotakis G, Timbrell JA. In vitro cytotoxicity assays: Comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett 2006; 160: 171-177.
Chen MJ, Liang T, Zhou KY. [Effect of proanthocyanidins on COX-2 enzyme activity and COX-2 mRNA /protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2005; 40: 406.
Collier HO, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C. The abdominal constriction response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 2012; 32: 295-310.
Cicco PD, Panza E, Ercolano G, Armogida C, Sessa G, Pirozzi G, et al. ATB-346, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drug, induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells and inhibits melanoma development in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114: 67-73.
Prasad AS, Beck FW, Grabowski SM, Kaplan J, Mathog RH. Zinc deficiency: changes in cytokine production and T-cell subpopulations in patients with head and neck cancer and in noncancer subjects. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1997; 109: 68-77.
Serhan CN, Savill J. Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 1191.
Bredt DS. Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: Biological functions and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 577-596.
Aoki T, Narumiya SJA, Supplements A. Prostaglandins and chronic inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33: 304-311.
Akira M, Hajime O. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer 2010; 121: 2357-2363.
Ribeiro R, Vale M, Sm, Paschoalato A, Poole S, Ferreira S, Cunha F. Involvement of resident macrophages and mast cells in the writhing nociceptive response induced by zymosan and acetic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 387: 111-118.
Evans JI, Lewis SA, Gibb IAM, Cheetham M. Sleep and Barbiturates: Some Experiments and Observations. Br Med J 1968; 4: 291-293.