GC-MS and metabolomics analysis of amino acids, glucose and urinary metabolic pathways and characteristics in children with spleen-deficiency diarrhea

Shan Xu; Shouchuan Wang

doi:10.14715/cmb/2020.66.5.22

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Vol. 66 No. 5: Issue 5

Issue Published : August 6, 2020

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GC-MS and metabolomics analysis of amino acids, glucose and urinary metabolic pathways and characteristics in children with spleen-deficiency diarrhea

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.5.22

Shan Xu

Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China

Shouchuan Wang

Corresponding Author(s) : Shouchuan Wang

wangshiuchaun555@163.com

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 66 No. 5: Issue 5
Article Published : July 31, 2020

Abstract

Diarrhea is a disease, and patients must have bowel movements at least three times per day. This condition may last for several days and may cause dehydration due to fluid loss. Spleen-deficiency makes a person more vulnerable to some infectious diseases. Persistent diarrhea due to spleen-deficiency may affect amino acids and glucose metabolic pathways, and urinary metabolic characteristics. For this purpose, this research was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and changes of metabolic profiling in urine samples that come from 3 months to 3 years old children with persistent diarrhea due to Spleen-deficiency were analyzed by metabolomics methods based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The urine samples were collected and divided into normal children group (NC group, n=30), persistent diarrhea group (PD group, n=30)ï¼ŽThe endogenous metabolites in urine were obtained by GC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to analyze the dataï¼ŽThe results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Fold changeï¼ŽFinallyï¼Œthere was a significant difference between the normal group and the diarrhea group, and the significant metabolites, glutamic acid, serineï¼Œphenylalanine, histidine, and et al. were identified between two groups. The metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, arginine and proline, glutathione and pentose phosphate were involved. The result demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the main metabolic pathways and responsible for persistent diarrhea due to Spleen-deficiency.

Keywords

Persistent diarrhea in children Spleen-deficiency Metabolomics Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Urine

Xu, S., & Wang, S. (2020). GC-MS and metabolomics analysis of amino acids, glucose and urinary metabolic pathways and characteristics in children with spleen-deficiency diarrhea. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66(5), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.5.22

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References

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Guarino A, Vecchio AL, Canani RB. Chronic diarrhea in children. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 26(5):649-661.
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Xu Shan, Kang An, Peng Lin-Xiu, Shan Jin-jun, Wang Shou-Chuan. Effect of Wenyun Micture and Bran Stir-Baked Atractylodis Water Extract on Spleen-deficiency Diarrhea in Mice Based on GC-MS. J Nanjing University of Trad Chin Med 2018; 34(2):181-184.
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Zheng S, Yu M, Lu X, Huo T, Ge L, Yang J, Wu C, Li F. Urinary metabonomic study on biochemical changes in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411(3-4):204-9.
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Zareian M, Ebrahimpour A, Bakar FA, Mohamed AK, Forghani B, Ab-Kadir MS, Saari N. A glutamic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented foods. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13(5):5482-97.
Yang Yan-Jun. Changes of Intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier function of Children with protracted diarrhea and intervention effect of Combined Viable Bifidobacterium-Lactobacillus-Enterococcus Powder. Chin J Microecol 2018; 30(6):700-705.
Keyfi F, Varasteh A. Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for Diagnosis of Methylmalonic Acidemia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;4(2):104"109.
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References

Pezzella V, De Martino L, Passariello A, Cosenza L, Terrin G, Canani RB. Investigation of chronic diarrhoea in infancy. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89(11):893-7.

Guarino A, Vecchio AL, Canani RB. Chronic diarrhea in children. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 26(5):649-661.

Xu X, Wang G, Qiu X, Wang D, Shen H, Gao P, Wang H, Zhang J. Epidemiology and etiology of chronic diarrhea diseases in children. Chin J Pract Pediatr 2009; 24(2):112-5.

Schicho R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Duggan G, Vogel HJ, Storr M. Quantitative metabolomic profiling of serum and urine in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis of mice by 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2010; 9(12):6265-73.

HU Ya-Mei, JIANG Zai-Fang. Zhu Futang Practice of Pediatrics (8th edition). Beijing: Glob Health J 2015; 1378-1394.

China Association of Chinese medicine. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatrics of Chinese medicine. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012; 43.

Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA, Kim SW, Li P, Rhoads JM, Satterfield MC, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Yin Y. Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 2009; 37(1):153-68.

Wang WW, Qiao SY, Li DF. Amino acids and gut function. Amino Acids 2009; 37(1):105-10.

Wu Wen, Liu Jin-Chun, Li Jun-Hua, et al. Effect of glycine on MIF expression in intestinal tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Chin J Pathophysiol 2010; 26(10): 2029.

Cong Feng-Song. Magic small bioactive peptides: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2015.

Moskwa A, Chojnacki J, WiÅ›iewska-JarosiÅ„ska M, Stec-Michalska K, Szadkowski K, Smigielski J, Chojnacki C. Serum serotonin concentration and urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid excretion in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2007; 22(131):366-8.

WiÅ›niewska-JarosiÅ„ska M, BoznaÅ„ska-Swietaszek P, Harasiuk A, MokwiÅ„ska M, Stec-Michalska K, Chojnacki J. 24-hour urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid excretion in patients with ulcerative colitis. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2009; 26(155):452-4.

Xu Shan, Kang An, Peng Lin-Xiu, Shan Jin-jun, Wang Shou-Chuan. Effect of Wenyun Micture and Bran Stir-Baked Atractylodis Water Extract on Spleen-deficiency Diarrhea in Mice Based on GC-MS. J Nanjing University of Trad Chin Med 2018; 34(2):181-184.

Spolarics Z, Lang CH, Bagby GJ, Spitzer JJ. Glutamine and fatty acid oxidation are the main sources of energy for Kupffer and endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1991; 261(2): G185-90.

Zheng S, Yu M, Lu X, Huo T, Ge L, Yang J, Wu C, Li F. Urinary metabonomic study on biochemical changes in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411(3-4):204-9.

Zheng X, Xie G, Zhao A, Zhao L, Yao C, Chiu NH, Zhou Z, Bao Y, Jia W, Nicholson JK, Jia W. The footprints of gut microbial–mammalian co-metabolism. J Proteome Res 2011; 10(12):5512-22.

Zareian M, Ebrahimpour A, Bakar FA, Mohamed AK, Forghani B, Ab-Kadir MS, Saari N. A glutamic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented foods. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13(5):5482-97.

Yang Yan-Jun. Changes of Intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier function of Children with protracted diarrhea and intervention effect of Combined Viable Bifidobacterium-Lactobacillus-Enterococcus Powder. Chin J Microecol 2018; 30(6):700-705.

Keyfi F, Varasteh A. Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for Diagnosis of Methylmalonic Acidemia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;4(2):104"109.

Keyfi F, Lukacs Z, Varasteh A. A Description of Reference Ranges for Organic Acids in Urine Samples from A Pediatric Population in Iran. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;6(1):40"50.

Bordbar M, Darvishzadeh R, Pazhouhandeh M, Kahrizi D. An overview of genome editing methods based on endonucleases. Modern Genetics J 2020; 15(2): 75-92.

Author biographies is not available.